Abstract: Mineral resources exploitation and utilization scheme is one of the most important documents for mining enterprises to obtain mining license in China, whose compilation and approval plays an important role in orderly development and reasonable utilization. Based on compilation practices of coal mineral resources exploitation and utilization scheme, this paper analyzes and discusses compilation essentials such as compilation purpose, mine field boundary, reserve calculation, scheme comparison, comprehensive utilization, safety suggestion，etc. It will provide some reference significances to compilation work.